Identified Neurons in the Abdominal Ganglion of Aplysia californica
This is a list of identified cell types in the abdominal ganglion, listing the cell name, its aliases (if any), the number of neurons in that class, the year of discovery, and the reference. It is possible that this list is incomplete–if you find an error, please report it.
Left Cells
| Cell | AKA | Number | Year | Ref | |
| L1 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L2 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L3 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L4 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L5 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L6 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L7 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L8 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L9-G1 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L9-G2 | 1 | 1969 | 16 | ||
| L10 | int I | 1 | 1967 | 8 | |
| L11 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L12 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L13 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L14a | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| L14b | 1 | 1977 | 5 | ||
| L14c | 1 | 1977 | 5 | ||
| L15 | Int VI | 1 | 1967 | 20 | |
| L16 | Int XIV | 1 | 1981 | 11 | |
| L17 ! | |||||
| L18 | 1 | 1974 | 2 | ||
| L19 | Int XV | 1 | 1977 | 14 | |
| L20A | Int XVI | 1 | 1969 | 21 | |
| L20B | 1 | 1977 | 14 | ||
| L21 | Int XVII | 1 | 1969 | 21 | |
| L22 | Int XVIII | 3 | 1981 | 11 | |
| L23 | 1 | 1981 | 11 | ||
| L24 | Int XI | 1 | 1978 | 4 | |
| L25 | part of Int II | 7 | 1978 | 4 | |
| L26 | part of Int II | 1 | 1978 | 4 | |
| L27 | part of Int II | 1 | 1978 | 4 | |
| L28 | 1 | 1981 | 11 | ||
| L29 | 5 | 1981 | 11 | ||
| L30 | 3 | 1981 | 11 | ||
| L31 | 3 | 1980 | 3 | ||
| L32 | 5 | 1980 | 3 | ||
| L33 | 2 | 1995 | 10 | ||
| L34 | 2 | 1995 | 10 | ||
| L35 | 2 | 1995 | 10 | ||
| LBs1 | 1 | 1979 | 18 | ||
| LBs2 | 1 | 1979 | 18 | ||
| LBs3 | 1 | 1979 | 18 | ||
| LBvc1 | 1 | 1974 | 17 | ||
| LBvc2 | 1 | 1974 | 17 | ||
| LBvc3 | 1 | 1974 | 17 | ||
| LCp | 1 | 1977 | 14 | ||
| LCk | 1 | 1977 | 14 | ||
| LDg1 | 1 | 1969 | [16 | ||
| LDg2 | 1 | 1969 | [16 | ||
| LDs1 | 1 | 1979 | 18 | ||
| LDs2 | 1 | 1979 | 18 | ||
| LDs3 | 1 | 1979 | 18 | ||
| Ldhe | 1 | 1974 | 17 | ||
| Ldhi | 2 | 1974 | 17 | ||
| LFSa | 3 | 1988 | 9 | ||
| LFSb | 4 | 1988 | 9 | ||
| LFSb-t1 | 1995 | 12 | |||
| LFSb-t2 | 1995 | 12 | |||
| LFSb-t3 | 1995 | 12 | |||
Right Cells
| R1 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| R2 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| R3-13 | 6 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| R6 | 1 | 1986 | 19 | ||
| R7 | 1 | 1986 | 19 | ||
| R8 | 1 | 1986 | 19 | ||
| R11 | 1 | 1986 | 19 | ||
| R14 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| R15 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| R16 | 1 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| R17 (Rbhe) | 1 | 1974 | 17 | ||
| R18 | 1 | 1980 | 3 | ||
| R19a | 1 | 1980 | 3 | ||
| R19b | 1 | 1980 | 3 | ||
| R20 | 2 | 1989 | 1 | ||
| R25 | 14 | 1989 | 13 | ||
| RDg | 1 | 1974 | 15 | ||
| RDs | 1 | 1979 | 18 | ||
Cell Groups
| LA | bag cells | 1967 | 8 | ||
| LB * | 1967 | 8 | |||
| LC * | 1967 | 8 | |||
| LD * | 1967 | 8 | |||
| LE | 25 | 1974 | 2 | ||
| rLE | 26 | 1991 | 7 | ||
| RA | bag cells | 1967 | 8 | ||
| RB | 28 | 1967 | 8 | ||
| RC * | 1967 | 8 | |||
| RD * | 1967 | 8 | |||
| RE | 27 | 1974 | 2 | ||
| RF | 20 | 1980 | 3 |
* Note that the LB, LC, LD, RC, and RD clusters are more representative of ‘regions’ rather than homogenous cell types, and have never been enumerated.
! Haven’t yet found a primary reference for this cell
Aplysia References:
1. Alevizos A, Weiss KR, Koester J (1989) SCP-containing R20 neurons modulate respiratory pumping in Aplysia. J Neurosci 9:3058-3071.
2. Byrne J, Castellucci V, Kandel ER (1974) Receptive fields and response properties of mechanoreceptor neurons innervating siphon skin and mantle shelf in Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 37:1041-1064.
3. Byrne JH (1980) Neural circuit for inking behavior in Aplysia californica. J Neurophysiol 43:896-911.
4. Byrne JH, Koester J (1978) Respiratory pumping: neuronal control of a centrally commanded behavior in Aplysia. Brain Res 143:87-105.
5. Carew TJ, Kandel ER (1977) Inking in Aplysia californica. I. Neural circuit of an all-or-none behavioral response. J Neurophysiol 40:692-707.
6. Coggeshall, R.E. (1967). A light and electron microscope study of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica. J Neurophysiol 30:1265-1287.
7. Dubuc B, Castellucci VF (1991) Receptive fields and properties of a new cluster of mechanoreceptor neurons innervating the mantle region and the branchial cavity of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. J Exp Biol 156:315-334.
8. Frazier W, Kandel E, Kupfermann R, Waziri R, Coggeshall R (1967) Morphological and functional properties of identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion. J Neurophysiol 30:1288-1351.
9. Frost WN, Clark GA, Kandel ER (1988) Parallel processing of short-term memory for sensitization in Aplysia. J Neurobiol 19:297-334.
10. Frost WN, Kandel ER (1995) Structure of the network mediating siphon-elicited siphon withdrawal in Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 73:2413-2427.
11. Hawkins RD, Castellucci VF, Kandel ER (1981) Interneurons involved in mediation and modulation of gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. I. Identification and characterization. J Neurophysiol 45:304-314.
12. Hickie C, Walters ET (1995) Motor neuronal control of tail-directed and head-directed siphon responses in Aplysia californica. J Neurophysiol 74:307-321.
13. Koester J (1989) Chemically and electrically coupled interneurons mediate respiratory pumping in Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 62:1113-1126.
14. Koester J, Kandel ER (1977) Further identification of neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia using behavioral criteria. Brain Res 121:1-20.
15. Kupfermann I, Carew TJ, Kandel ER (1974) Local, reflex, and central commands controlling gill and siphon movements in Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 37:996-1019.
16. Kupfermann I, Kandel ER (1969) Neuronal controls of a behavioral response mediated by the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Science 164:847-850.
17. Mayeri E, Koester J, Kupfermann I, Liebeswar G, Kandel ER (1974) Neural control of circulation in Aplysia. I. Motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 37:458-475.
18. Perlman AJ (1979) Central and peripheral control of siphon-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia californica. J Neurophysiol 42:510-529.
19. Rittenhouse AR, Price CH (1986) Electrophysiological and anatomical identification of the peripheral axons and target tissues of Aplysia neurons R3-14 and their status as multifunctional, multimessenger neurons. J Neurosci 6:2071-2084.
20. Wachtel H, Kandel ER (1967) A direct synaptic connection mediating both excitation and inhibition. Science 158:1206-1208.
21. Waziri R (1969) Electrical transmission mediated by an identified cholinergic neuron of Aplysia. Life Sci 8:469-476.